Yesterday, a new definition of Specific Learning Difficulties in Mathematics (SpLD in mathematics) was published, shedding light on the diverse challenges that individuals face in acquiring arithmetic and broader mathematical skills.
Defining the challenge
A SpLD in Mathematics is now defined as a set of processing difficulties that impact the acquisition of arithmetic and other areas of mathematics. In practical terms, this means that difficulties are not limited to one narrow area but can affect various aspects of mathematical learning.
In dyscalculia, the most common cognitive impairment observed is a pronounced and persistent difficulty with numerical magnitude processing. Individuals with dyscalculia often struggle with:
- Naming numbers,
- Ordering and comparing physical quantities,
- Estimating values,
- Understanding place value.
These challenges typically manifest as age-related difficulties, making basic numerical tasks a daily struggle.
Beyond dyscalculia
Importantly, not every individual with a learning difficulty in mathematics shows the classic signs of impaired numerical magnitude processing. Some may experience equally debilitating challenges due to other underlying processing difficulties. These can include:
- Language processing issues, which hinder the comprehension of word problems and math instructions.
- Executive function deficits such as problems with verbal and visuo-spatial working memory, as well as inhibitory control.
- Visual-spatial processing difficulties that impact the understanding of geometric relationships and aligning numbers.
This broader perspective acknowledges that specific learning difficulties in mathematics can emerge from various cognitive areas, not just numerical processing alone.
Impact
Mathematics is a varied discipline, and difficulties may arise in specific areas, such as basic calculation, or more broadly, affecting overall mathematical fluency and problem-solving skills. Persistent challenges in arithmetic flexibility and problem solving are recognized as key markers of a SpLD in mathematics.
These difficulties can have significant consequences:
- Educational impact: Struggling with maths can affect academic performance and limit opportunities.
- Professional and personal life: A persistent difficulty with mathematics may impede everyday tasks, from managing finances to navigating daily tasks, ultimately affecting an individual’s resilience and confidence.
A lifelong journey with multiple influences
The developmental trajectory of a specific learning difficulty in mathematics is shaped by an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Although these difficulties persist throughout life, their manifestation and severity may change over time. This dynamic nature calls for flexible support strategies that adapt to individual needs at different life stages.
Moreover, a SpLD in maths often co-occurs with conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, developmental language disorder (DLD), and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). While maths anxiety is commonly seen alongside these difficulties, it should not be used as a standalone indicator of a learning difficulty in mathematics.
Moving Forward
This new definition provides clarity by recognising the varied cognitive challenges that contribute to mathematical learning difficulties. With this understanding, educators and employers can develop more targeted interventions and support to help individuals overcome these challenges and achieve their full potential.
If you have any questions about how your maths difficulties impact on your learning or everyday experiences, don’t hesitate to make contact with a dyscalculia assessor near you.
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